For high-net-worth individuals and global entrepreneurs seeking residency or citizenship abroad, two popular pathways often come into focus: the EB-5 Immigrant Investor Program (USA) and various “Golden Visa” or “Gold Card” residency-by-investment programs offered by countries like Portugal, Spain, Greece, and others.
While both options provide a route to long-term residency and potential citizenship, the right choice depends on your investment goals, lifestyle preferences, timeline, and long-term strategy.
In this blog, Texas Capital Partners breaks down the key considerations to help you choose the path that aligns with your vision.
1. Residency vs. Citizenship Pathways
EB-5 Visa (USA):
The EB-5 program provides a direct pathway to U.S. permanent residency (Green Card), with the potential to apply for U.S. citizenship after five years of holding a Green Card.
Golden Visas/Gold Cards (EU & Others):
Most Gold Card programs offer residency with minimal stay requirements, but not all guarantee citizenship. Some require longer periods of physical presence before naturalization becomes possible.
✔️ Consider: Do you want full citizenship or just the ability to live and travel?
2. Investment Requirements
EB-5 Visa:
Requires a minimum investment of $800,000 in a qualified U.S. project (typically in a Targeted Employment Area). The investment must create or preserve at least 10 full-time jobs for U.S. workers.
Golden Visas/Gold Cards:
Investment thresholds vary. For example:
- Portugal: €500,000 in real estate or funds
- Greece: €250,000 in real estate
- Spain: €500,000 in property
These investments are usually in assets like property, government bonds, or business capital.
✔️ Consider: Do you prefer a job-creating business investment or real estate/property-based residency?
3. Return on Investment (ROI) Potential
EB-5 Investments:
Often tied to regional center projects or businesses, the primary benefit is immigration — not ROI. Many projects offer limited returns but emphasize low risk and compliance.
Golden Visa Investments:
In real estate-focused programs, investors may benefit from capital appreciation and rental income. There’s often more financial flexibility in how and where you invest.
✔️ Consider: Are you looking for a high-yield asset or is immigration your top priority?
4. Timeline to Residency and Citizenship
EB-5:
Processing times can be lengthy, sometimes taking 18–36 months or more depending on nationality, project type, and USCIS backlog.
Gold Card Programs:
Often faster, with residency granted within 3–6 months. Citizenship (if applicable) typically comes after 5–10 years with specific conditions.
✔️ Consider: How quickly do you need to relocate or secure residency?
5. Family Benefits
Both EB-5 and Gold Card programs typically allow spouses and dependent children to be included in the application.
EB-5:
Children under 21 can get Green Cards and access U.S. education and healthcare.
Golden Visas:
Similar dependent benefits, with access to EU healthcare and schools depending on the country.
✔️ Consider: Which region’s lifestyle, education, and healthcare best suit your family?
6. Tax Implications
EB-5 Investors:
Once you become a U.S. resident, you’re subject to worldwide income taxation. Estate and gift taxes may also apply.
Golden Visa Investors:
Some EU countries offer non-domicile tax regimes or special tax benefits to investors, especially if they don’t spend most of the year there.
✔️ Consider: Are you prepared for U.S. tax obligations, or do you prefer lower exposure?
Final Thoughts from Texas Capital Partners
Choosing between the EB-5 Visa and a Gold Card isn’t just a financial decision — it’s about aligning your investment with your lifestyle, legacy, and long-term goals.
At Texas Capital Partners, we specialize in helping investors navigate global residency programs with a personalized, strategic approach. Whether you’re drawn to the opportunities of the U.S. or the lifestyle of Europe, we can help guide your journey.
Ready to explore your investment-based residency options?
📩 Contact Texas Capital Partners today for a private consultation.
📞 Your future residency is one smart investment away
